List of Acronyms List of GNSS Stations Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Measuring Water Vapor 2.1 The Role of Atmospheric Water Vapor in the Climate System 2.2 Water Vapor Observing Techniques 2.2.1 Radiosonde 2.2.2 Water Vapor Radiometer 2.2.3 Very Long Baseline Interferometry 2.2.4 DORIS 2.2.5 Numerical Weather Model Chapter 3 Real-time GNSS Meteorology 3.1 GPS Water Vapor 3.2 GLONASS Water Vapor 3.2.1 Data Collection 3.2.2 Real-time GNSS ZTD/PWV Estimation 3.2.3 VLBI and Radiosonde Data Processing 3.2.4 Results and Analysis 3.3 BeiDou Water Vapor 3.3.1 Tracking Network and Data Collection 3.3.2 Real-time ZTD/PWV Retrieval from BeiDou and CPS 3.3.3 Results and Analysis 3.4 Galileo 3.5 Conclusions Chapter 4 Multi-GNSS Atmospheric Parameters 4.1 Muhi-GNSS Water Vapor 4.1.1 Real-time Multi-GNSS Water Vapor Derivation 4.1.2 Data Acquisition and Results 4.2 Muhi-GNSS Gradients with High Temporal Resolution 4.2.1 Data Collection 4.2.2 GNSS Gradient Estimation 4.2.3 GNSS Gradients in High Temporal Resolution 4.3 Effects of Tropospheric Gradients on Precise Positioning 4.3.1 Repeatability of Station Position Estimates 4.3.2 Effects of Gradient Estimation on Kinematic PPP 4.4 Conclusions Chapter 5 Improving GNSS Precise Positioning with Numerical Weather Models 5.1 NWM for BeiDou Precise Positioning 5.1.1 BeiDou Data Acquisition 5.1.2 Tropospheric Delay Parameters Derived from NWM 5.1.3 NWM Augmented BeiDou Real-time PPP 5.1.4 Results and Analysis 5.2 NWM for Muhi-GNSS Precise Positioning 5.2.1 Data Acquisition 5.2.2 Multi-GNSS PPP Processing 5.2.3 Results and Analysis 5.3 Conclusions Chapter 6 Conclusions and Outlooks References Acknowledgments
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