Series Editors' note Preface Acknowledgments Chapter 1 An overview of oral language assessment Introduction Outcome-based research on oral language assessment What are language assessment interviews？ Past research on oral language assessment The ACTFL OPI Empirical studies on the OPI Research on other oral examinations The need for process-based research Discourse-based studies on oral language assessment Background Lazaraton's research on ESL course placement interviews Participant behaviour in oral interviews Comparisons of interview behaviour with conversation Comparisons of test format Comparisons of test scores with produced discourse Rating scale construction and validation Summary Conclusion Chapter 2 Conversation analysis， institutional talk， and oral language assessment Approaches to discourse analysis Conversation analysis Background What is conversation analysis？ What is conversation？ Nonverbal behaviour in conversation An evaluation of conversation analysis Institutional talk What is an interview？ The organization of the interview Summary Conclusion Chapter 3 Data collection and transcription Data collection and selection Introduction Collecting audiotaped data Collecting videotaped data Selecting data for transcription/analysis Summary Data transcription Understanding transcription philosophy Understanding transcription goals Learning the conversation analysis transcription systemConsidering the mechanics of transcription Using the conversation analysis transcription system Transcribing languages other than English Transcribing nonverbal behaviour Summary Conclusion Chapter 4 Data analysis and presentation Reflecting on six methodological issues Real， recorded data Unmotivated looking Units of analysis Single cases， collections， and deviant cases Sociological variables Coding and quantifying data Summary Working with interactive data Five 'analytic tools' A worked example Summary Working with monologic data Rhetorical analysis Functional analysis Structural analysis Summary Presenting data and reporting results Rationale Guidelines for presenting data A research report format Guidelines for evaluating other studies Summary Conclusion Practice problems Chapter 5 Some speaking test validation studies using this approach Test validity Background on Cambridge EFL examinations Overview The Cambridge approach Interlocutor behaviour in speaking tests Research on CASE Research on CAE Research on KET Comparative research on CAE-KET Summary Candidate behaviour in speaking tests Research on FCE Research on IELTS Summary Conclusion Chapter 6 Summary and future directions References Appendices Appendix 1： Glossary of CA terms Appendix 2： Transcription notation symbols Appendix 3： Guidelines for Chapter 4 practice problems Author index Subject index
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